Goats will be unable to process the proteins and cholesterol present in eggs, and at best will get very sick if they eat them. Yes, they can. Avoid processed dairy foods and the like. Waters. At Chez Panisse, the rounds were coated in bread crumbs and baked, then served alongside another revelation of the era, the simply dressed mesclun salad. Timothy hay is comprised of approximately 7% crude protein, and 32% crude fiber. Yes, they sure can, thorns, branches, and all. Laura, who struggles to walk, is unable to move her foot properly and is in constant pain, has had several operations and three rounds . Cereal grain hay is comprised of 9% crude protein, and also has a significant manganese, zinc, and phosphorus content. Central America, South America, Caribbean, Ford Motor Company (From Detroit Free Press), Fashion Designers, Models, Beauty Contestants, Journalists, Reporters, Commentators, Pundits. Ms. Chenel, a gentle animal lover who almost singlehandedly turned America on to goat cheese in the early 1980s, has sold her company to a French corporation. Dont do it. document.getElementById('cloak65a6fab51470913b1366a8467a93fbf8').innerHTML = ''; And i would like to know if they can eat mushrooms, cus one of are goats are sick and their is mushrooms growing in their pen. Believe it or not, yes, they can. Sep 2021 - Present1 year 7 months. Some mineral blocks also contain salt, but not all. Best Match Powered by Whitepages Premium. In the late 1990s, Ms. Chenel took a trip to Norway to help out the goat herders there and ended up lending them her goat cheese recipe and methods. All parts of a beet are safe for goats, including the greens and the hard, root part. Well for us it is small town people just trying to live the good life. Instead, they interviewed the other media people, asking why they were insisting on such heavy coverage. Report this profile About Enterprise Account Manager at Ricoh. Ms. Chenel would say only that it was in the millions not a bad return for a woman who started with not much more than a spiritual connection to goats and about $5,000. Yes! Laura Armstrong is known for Heaven 17: Trouble (1986), Round the Twist (1989) and A Country Practice (1994). On this week's episode of Goat Gab, Cameron and Laura discuss the early days of raising kids, including colostrum, feeding milk, and other topics of the early weeks. We are a 501(c)3 non-profit organization. Ah, Art Bell's baby. 30s. If you want to save the two lists to print out later, you can get them both here. Take your health to the next level with glucose tracking and more. He has no children but a fictional child, Jack, Jr., is a running joke that Jack uses on the show to relate whenever the topic of raising children is addressed. No. By licking the mineral blocks a goat can help infuse more calcium, potassium, sulfur, copper, sodium, manganese, iron, iodine, and zinc into their system. Corn is a grain, and as you likely already know grains can be very bad for goats in anything except strictly limited amounts. Movies. Site Map. Top 250 Movies Most Popular Movies Top 250 TV Shows Most Popular TV Shows Most Popular Video Games Most Popular Music Videos Most Popular Podcasts. A little chicken feed wont hurt a goat, but they shouldnt eat it. Quinoa is a seed that is closely related to both spinach and beets, though it is prepared and treated as a grain culinary. There are 300+ professionals named "Laura Armstrong", who use LinkedIn to exchange information, ideas, and opportunities. 1. Dont want them sick. She completed her residency at the Memorial Family Medicine Residency Program, where she also served as chief resident. So long as you arent allowing them to go completely crazy when eating oregano this shouldnt be a problem, however. Except where otherwise noted, this content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License. Laura Armstrong of Elk, Washington, gets her goat ready to show as the Spokane Interstate Fair opened this morning. Instagram. Laura Armstrong in Wisconsin. We found 12 records for Laura Armstrong in Des Moines, Spencer and 10 other cities in Iowa. Find Laura Armstrong's phone number, address, and email on Spokeo, the leading online directory for contact information. Not goats, however, which will eat the bark and the leaves with equal enthusiasm. Yes, they can. Privacy Policy|Advertising Policy|Privacy Preferences Center|Do Not Sell My Personal Information. Goats can eat kudzu, and this is another tough, invasive plant that goats are sometimes employed against in an effort to cut it back. Published: Feb. 1, 2021 at 11:29 PM MST RAPID CITY, S.D. Was wondering about the acorns, my goats love them too! Remove the mushrooms, give the goat fresh hay, water and goat mineral free choice. laura armstrong goats. Rapid City Council unanimously votes to dismiss all complaints against Laura Armstrong. He was her commercial banker, and 10 years ago they began to date. Yes, they can. - Dr. Laura Schlessinger: 3:00pm to 6:00pm - The Savage Nation with Michael Savage: 6:00pm to 9:00pm - The Sean Hannity Show: 9:00pm to 11:00pm - The Mark Levin Show: . Show More. They sure can. The most common plants you shouldnt feed your goats include kale, acorns, azalea, avocado, pine trees, deadly nightshade, cherry trees, and plum trees. If its palatable, theyll eat it. However, it is very high in sugar, obviously, which can contribute to bloat and other problems in goats. Goats, as a rule, prefer tender, green leaves, not old crunchy ones but they may eat fallen, dead leaves from time to time. Yes, they sure can. A laidback, fairly non-political (for talk radio) show. Written by. Either buy goat-specific mineral blocks or read the content label carefully to figure out what nutrients the goat herd will ingest when licking the block. Also, what about some of these others like turnip greens, chicory, buckwheat, plantain, millet, lentil, winter pea, flax, radish safflower or Camelina? Tractor Supply also recommended it. Goats can technically eat every part of a pomegranate, including the hard outer skin, tough inner membrane and of course the juicy, tangy seeds, but they will greatly prefer the seeds above all of the other parts. Family impact statements at manslaughter sentencing, Why Americans are spending less on clothing and electronics this year, NewsCenter1 Top Stories: Improv comedy coming to Rapid City; Mayor Allender discusses apartment safety, Who should run for the school board? my other goat never fully recovered and eventually died. Davis residents and business owners expressed their frustration this week with what they described as an aggressive element of the local homeless community interfering with their quality of life and ability to conduct business. A diet of only cereal grain hay would not be good for goats due to its lack of protein content, but mixing some cereal grains into your hayfield or buying hay from someone who does, will be welcomed as a tasty and healthy hay bale treat. On January 2, 2008, Jack announced he is engaged. Completely packed with sugar, this is a great way to completely wreck your goats stomach. Yes. Help Millions of people find the right doctor and care they need, Get immediate care and visit with providers from the comfort of your home, or anywhere, Urgent care centers can be faster and cheaper for situations that are not life threatening, Doctors and patients discuss the latest medical treatments and health tips, Search prescription drugs for why theyre used, side effects and more, Back and Neck Surgery (Except Spinal Fusion). Jack Armstrong and his wife Laura have two young sons, as well as two dogs, two cats, a horse, innumerable goats and several more beasts roaming throughout their property. You may receive an e-mail shortly. Though I never had children, its how a mother would feel when her children are well launched, she said. Even during the winter time goats can browse for a portion of their roughage intake, depending on your climate, and how much space the herd has to roam and forage for food. Follow the download directions on the Adobe website. In fact, they seem to quite like eating it. Donate. See other events. Privacy As with most fruits, take care of it you do not allow your goats to overindulge on pomegranates since they are high in sugar. So long as you take care to verify what species is in your area, your goats wont have any problems with them. Resides in Huntersville, NC. From there, its a matter of processing and shaping. Thuja is an arborvitae and it is poisonous. Ms. Chenel, 57, produces a fresh goat cheese that some call the best in America. University of Ottawa. yes, goats can have a little bit of popcorn as a treat so long as it does not have any extra salt, butter or other flavorings on it. Massey University. She met with the president, Hugues Triballat, who spoke of his grandmothers goat cheese and his dedication to cheeses with the label appellation dorigine contrle, the French governments designation for special regional foods and wines. Sign up to get the latest on sales, new releases and more . I have a PhD in Museums and Cultural Heritage and a Masters in Art History. As a busy mother to two-year-old daughter, Isabella, and fur baby, Juno the cocker . Fennel is known for its strong, licorice-like taste, but this is no impediment to goats whatsoever. The clear, bracing flavor of dill is one that goats seem to enjoy, and they will eat it right down to the ground when given a chance. As a result, they tended to tear into any topic from different directions. She has been a member of the CG team for seven years and her main interest within the business is gut health and happiness for families. There are many varieties of mushroom that are toxic and should be avoided. or. Those who support me understand I have a strong sense of duty to Rapid City and have never backed down from a challenge, Armstrong said. 172 Followers, 543 Following, 831 Posts - See Instagram photos and videos from Laura Armstrong (@lcsharples) Our servers have detected that you are accessing this site from a restricted area. By Connor Matteson. Perhaps most important, the deal gives her a break. View Laura Armstrong results in Colorado (CO) including current phone number, address, relatives, background check report, and property record with Whitepages. Learn more | No one was making goat cheese commercially in the late 1970s, the tween years of California cuisine. And when they are really hungry, anything goes. Personal Website. We strive to make the . It is a surprise to some people, but goats can eat fruit and most generally enjoy it. Red clover is basically just clover as far as goats are concerned, and so long as they arent having issues eating other kinds of clover you can let them browse on red clover. I live in Arizona. Laura Rose Armstrong, 51. Another bracing herb containing high quantities of menthol, goats seem to love eating the stuff and it is generally good for them, although overconsumption might cause some discomfort or indigestion. Dr. Armstrong received her bachelors degree in biochemistry from Rice University and her medical degree from The University of Texas at Houston Medical School. These are some happy goats. 50s. Sometime in June 2006, the legendary radio duo of Paul Robbins and Phil Cowan split up. No. Although it is known to be a deer-resistant plant, it definitely isnt goat resistant! It is no wonder that goats are attracted to the stuff because it is so aromatic. Adobe Acrobat Reader is required to view PDF files found on this website. Brenda Blethyn. the tissues in a goats mouth are especially tough, and their teeth are well suited to grinding, meaning they will break down and process the thorns before swallowing, so you dont need to worry about mishaps most of the time. As a member, you join our mission of empowering 1,000,000 people to positively change their lives throughout the world. Treats should only be given as a training aid or in small amounts on any type of a regular basis. For Ms. Chenel, a terribly shy woman who began making cheese in 1979 because she loved goats, parting with her company, Laura Chenel's Chvre, was like sending a child off to college. It specializes in finding small family operations and buying them with the promise to keep the product and philosophy intact. Laura Armstrong, 34, was born with rare bone disease fibrous dysplasia in her left fibula that caused her leg to bow and suffer from chronic pain that has progressively got worse. You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. French fries completely desert whatever nutritional benefits potatoes might have once they are cooked in roiling oil and salted to oblivion. You should assume any link is an affiliate link. When you eat a goat cheese salad today, you can trace its roots back to Ms. Chenel and Ms. This style of hay is lower in protein than alfalfa hay but boasts a higher percentage of fiber. Just how upset was Alice Waters over her portrayal in David Kamps book, The United States of Arugula? True jasmine plants are totally safe for goats. Terms All rights reserved. This legume style hay boats a high protein, fiber, vitamin A and calcium percentage. It also takes good care of her 18 longtime employees, who are now employees of the French company. There is a wide variety of hemlock plants, but the most common ones, especially water or poison hemlock, are extremely toxic. Do you think the seller is wrong about the alfafa being too rich for them? After you click the link, youll get a chance to save a copy to your computer, phone, or tablet. Laura Armstrong @LauraShowbiz Jun 11, 2022 @thejudijames Hi there. laura armstrong goats. Watching the unveiling of the B-21 bomber last week, soon to call Ellsworth Air Force Base home, exemplified this message. A hard verdict on this is still out, but there are plenty of anecdotal reports from owners, so take care. Goats will eat eucalyptus leaves and bark, and are known for eating freshly fallen leaves wherever they find them. Armstrong has represented Ward 5 on the Rapid City Common Council since 2017, and she ran unopposed for reelection to her seat in 2020. As with all such pasturage, goats must be allowed to adjust to it slowly to avoid complications. Another flower renowned for its delicate beauty, lilacs will not harm goats, though they dont particularly stand out nutritionally. Around 90 complaints have been filed against Armstrong, some asking for her removal from office. El Dorado County Sheriff's Office. Yes, they can. These are the only plants that have made my goats VERY sick! Goat kids as well as their nursing mommas typically thrive on a legume style of hay. Add description and links to your promotion, Add your deal, information or promotional text. however, the pungent oils that give rosemary its alluring aroma and flavor can be hard on a goats stomach so you dont want to let them eat too much. No need to panic if they eat a little bit, but dont make a habit of it. She completed her residency at the Memorial Family Medicine Residency Program, where she also served as chief resident. April 9, 2021. Alfalfa hay is comprised of roughly 15% to 22% crude protein, and 32% crude fiber. laura armstrong goats. Hay. Use of this website and any information contained herein is governed by the Healthgrades User Agreement. We seek laughter and serenity after a morning of shopping with Yoga Instructor, Laura Armstrong, Goat Handler, CK, and a flock of baby goats. Sep 2005 - Present17 years 6 months. "Whose Live Anyway?" Posted in. Prior to the split, Paul and Phil did the morning Y92.5 music program and used to be the Discovery Channel's "Answer Guys". Licensed Holistic Practitioner. Jack Armstrong lives in Davis and can be spotted at 5:45am crossing the causeway eastbound on his motorcycle. Join to connect Ricoh New Zealand Limited. Fill in Laura Armstrong's first and last name into the search bar. The darker the chocolate the worse it is for goats. Chocolate is made up mostly of cocoa, which contains theobromine, an alkaloid that is significantly toxic to most mammals, including goats. Many newbie goat keepers give salted crackers or bits of bread to their goats. My girls wont eat them. She continually advocates for her patients and their families, as well as volunteers throughout our Rapid City community. For years I have just felt a deep responsibility. Des Moines, IA (Waveland Park) Aliases. Click to reveal The Ultimate Guide to Growing Your Own Mushrooms, How to Identify, Treat and Get Rid of Leaf Miners, https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphasiastrum_digitatum, Garlic in very small amounts and to help naturally prevent worms. Furthermore, goats seem completely immune to the stinging effects of the latter, so they will definitely benefit from the excellent nutrition of this plant. About LAURA ARMSTRONG MD, PHD. Yes. The local artisan food industry is so hard to be in, said Michael Straus, whose family owns a well-regarded organic creamery nearby. Most goats love the taste, and honey is safe for goats so long as they get only a little bit. I have worked in admissions, examinations, and researcher development, been a graduate teaching assistant and a research assistant, written for digital and print, been the editor for a small library services publication, and the Project Officer for the government . Senior Marketing Project Manager, Marketing Communications. Breaking News; breaks first on the NewsCenter1 APP. One day, the new company might make a cheese from only her goats milk, without mixing theirs into the general production line. Zinnias are completely safe for most known animals, including goats. Log In. var prefix = 'ma' + 'il' + 'to'; Yes, thankfully! Supporting and developing progress and attainment whilst driving standards across the network, focusing on teaching practices, backward-planning curriculum models and rigorous assessments applied through, consistency and network-wide moderation. When the media went crazy about the Scott Peterson trial in 2004, they were sent to cover the trial. All Rights Reserved. The deal also lets her keep her entire herd of 500 goats on the property and sell their milk to the new company. Dairy goats are sometimes given more grain than meat and fiber goats in an attempt to enhance milk production. In order to know Laura Armstrong's phone number and address , just follow these easy steps: 1. "Our yogi's . Contact Laura, search articles and Tweets, monitor coverage, and track replies from one place. Copyright 2002-2023 Ketogenic.com. Yes! This is another flower that you can expect goats to avoid instinctively, but you should never bet on it just to be safe. LAURA B. ARMSTRONG, 87, passed away Saturday, Feb. 21, 2009, at the home of her daughter in Fort Wayne. Four years ago, he sold his share of the company to his partner. Koalas arent the only mammal that eats eucalyptus. Yes, they can. Join Facebook to connect with Laura Armstrong and others you may know. Photo measures 10 x 8 inches. View the profiles of professionals named "Laura Armstrong" on LinkedIn. Peas are a healthy snack option or supplement for goats, but should not be the majority component of their diet. I also give them goat feed and a salt block. Goats will ingest approximately 120% more energy from alfalfa hay that they would from an oat style of hay. Yes, they can. Yes. Arms Family Homestead PO box 167 Sulphur Ok, 73086 Homesteading and Homesteaders, what is it all about? . Goats, like all mammals, can ingest and process milk, but they give it up as they mature into adulthood. Yes, goats can eat maple leaves but should only eat them in limited quantities. although the compounds present in the sap of Queen Annes lace is known for causing irritation and blistering in humans, goats seem totally unaffected and will happily eat all parts of the plant. Menu. Here are the symtums , snot ,not eating,hard time pooping. Laura owns a small speech pathology clinic and contracts her specialty services with Black Hills Works, the Brain Injury Rehabilitation Center, Birth to Three Connections as well as the Rapid City Area School district. A goat, or any ruminant animal that consumes too much grain will have digestion and gas build-up problems. Talk 650 KSTE is an AM talk radio station owned by ClearChannel. Discover your true biological age (what we call Ketogevity) and find out exactly what you need to turn back the clock. Eventually, she took off to France, attending a series of apprenticeships with cheesemakers that the famed French dairy scientist Jean-Claude Le Jaouen arranged for her. Ward 5 City Councilwoman Laura Armstrong announced Friday morning her candidacy for Mayor of Rapid City in 2023. Don't put your winter coats away just yet- snow is expected Tuesday night! This recommended amount varies based upon the maturity of the goat, stature (miniature goats, standard goats), and takes into account the enhanced caloric needs of pregnant or nursing nanny goats. If you have never listened to Coast to Coast, it is well worth it everything from UFO abductees to "shadow creatures" to psychics to vampire hunters (no really). Rosemary, like many herbs, is safe for goats. Goats tend to love this type of hay because it is sweet and is soft enough that they can consume it right down through the stem easily. LinkedIn. or. Training the goats to stay in their pen, free-range on your homestead, or simply to establish trust so the animals run towards and not away from you if injured or trapped in fencing are all great reasons for giving small amounts of healthy treats. Thank you. Identify the mushrooms you have. And whats the deal with Laura Chenel? Bread is made from flour, which is made from grains, and grains can be very harmful to goats since they facilitate bloat. It all stems from a Facebook page called "The Caring Businesses of Rapid City" that highlights businesses that enforce a mask mandate in their . Registration is Closed. A Leader of key stage 4 - raising aspirations and achievement, driving the outcomes for targeted . I am planning a new turnout and found a lot.of this stuff growing throughout the area. Yes. Both she and the new owners pledge that it will not change. Goats will be entirely happy to eat the leaves, branches, and bark of sassafras trees wherever they might be growing. my goat developed blood clots in her bladder and her bladder ruptured. Powered by Electric Fly. Nov 29, 2019, 9:00 AM - 10:20 AM. Eucalyptus is missing from the can NOT eat list. The other connection between the new and the old is her business and life partner, John Van Dyke, who is staying on as general manager. Mr. Van Dyke, who seems in awe of both Ms. Chenel and the cheesemaking process, is very comfortable being Mr. Chenel. Qualifications. Foxtail is a safe and healthy menu item for goats when they are browsing. Go to the "People Search" section on CocoFinder's homepage. Clover is a menu item for goats that they will eat regularly, but you must take care that they do not get too much clover, too quickly. The Woolmark Company, a subsidiary of Australian Wool Innovation Limited, is the global authority on wool. GOOD for GUT health but just PLAIN and preferably ORGANIC yogurt (milk used) Trending. Laura Armstrong I help organisation solve their problems through technology Wellington, Wellington Region, New Zealand 500+ connections. Not now. As painful as it is to watch, yes, goats can eat raspberry bushes whole. Laura Armstrong was born and raised in South Florida. laura armstrong goats. Packed full of vitamins, dandelions are an important component in a free-range goat diet. As a result, the Norwegians make chvre, freeze it and ship 700,000 pounds a year to Chenel in blocks, where it gets processed into cheese for the food service company Sysco. Born in Jackson, Mich., she was the owner/ operator of Curtis Flowers . var addy_text65a6fab51470913b1366a8467a93fbf8 = 'Laura.Armstrong' + '@' + 'rcgov' + '.' + 'org';document.getElementById('cloak65a6fab51470913b1366a8467a93fbf8').innerHTML += ''+addy_text65a6fab51470913b1366a8467a93fbf8+'<\/a>'; today=new Date(); year=today.getFullYear(); document.write (year); City of Rapid Cityall rights reserved. Although it is known for giving our own food that smoky, unique flavor when incorporated as a cooking wood, mesquite is known to contain resins that can be toxic to some animals. Supporting the engineering and purchasing departments in setting up target prices for BIW . You need JavaScript enabled to view it. thats great news for you if they are growing wild, but bad news if you are trying to raise decorative marigolds. BETWEEN tastings of local foie gras and debates over the merits of biodynamic wine, talk at the recent Russian River Food and Winefest centered on the kind of gossip only the food faithful would engage in. They will care about eating those large, crispy leaves, though! I have read in a few books and on your website about legume hay (such as alfafa) being beneficial to kids. Join Facebook to connect with Laura Armstrong and others you may know. Delta 8 and 10 THC could soon see regulation, Sexual abuse investigation of Rapid City priest ends, Proposed constitutional amendment allows for Top Two Primaries, Parents of Canyon Lake Elementary students are concerned of their kids future. I pulled out the thuja and mimosa trees when i inherited my grandparents farm and got goats. One can listen to the broadcast at their web site; Windows Media Player required. They put you through lenses they dont put other food through.. I need to cut down several limbs and thought they may like something different. The leafy fiber strands are longer than the ones produced by grass hay. No, all parts of the holly plant, including the leaves, contain a variety of toxins that can severely harm the health of goats. 3. Liked by Laura Armstrong. put in bay concert tickets; the endless love chinese drama ep 1 eng sub dramacool; the best lemon sour cream cake Jun 29, 2022 By river park center seating chart. Though there are some ferns out there that are toxic to goats, most are not, and in most places goats are unlikely to encounter them growing wild. Yes, they can! Posted on June 29, 2022 laura armstrong goats. This type of hay is usually comprised of alfalfa, soybeans, vetch, and clover. This style of hay is a nice mix of essential nutrients, but it also has a lower protein percentage than alfalfa hay. Laura Marie Armstrong. She tends the garden and is learning how to have time on her hands. The Rians Group, the French artisan cheese corporation that bought the company, is more in line with her values than, say, Unilever was with Ben & Jerrys or Hershey with Scharffen Berger chocolate, two other boutique lines that sold to big companies. laura armstrong goats June 16, 2022 . Along with Alicia Kosack, flute and Kimberly Buchar, bassoon, Laura is clarinetist and founding member of the Fortunata Trio. She is affiliated with Memorial Hermann Sugar Land Hospital. Surprisingly, yes, they can. . Virginia creeper is a delicate and attractive ornamental or an invasive and destructive menace depending on who you ask and depending on where it is growing. NewsCenter1 Staff. It's still a bit early to tell how entertaining "The Phil Cowan Show" is, but he doesn't miss the (very) early hours needed by the FM show. After more than a few glasses of wine, some loudly declared this development yet another example of the ongoing corruptive influence of big business on artisan food. Copyright 2023 Healthgrades Marketplace, LLC, Patent US Nos. Cast (in credits order) complete, awaiting verification. She brings invaluable experience to our team that will help drive further growth and engagement for our league . Absolutely not. If you give bread, crackers, or even graham crackers to members of your goat herd, do so as only a special or rare treat, and not a daily or weekly small amount treat. The action you just performed triggered the security solution. Some live in a little nursery, others in a hay-lined maternity ward for first-time mothers. I dont know what thats going look like, but I feel very light.. Find the exact calorie and macro content for over 100,000 food items. It is known for its toxic berries aside from its destructive habits, but neither will impede your goats at all. David Leon. Scott and Laura, along with their two daughters, enjoy spending their free time exploring and playing in the beautiful Black Hills and surrounding areas. Yes. Read the list of 60 Things Goats Cannot Eat. She includes azaleas and rhododendrons on that list. Jack collects and plays guitars, playing local venues such as Delta of Venus, sometimes alone and sometimes with local modern bluegrass and cow-punk bands such as The Spillit Quikkers. Yes. Like many ClearChannel talk stations, KSTE streams their broadcast over the Internet. I have bougainvillea in my yard. Getting enough goat milk, it turns out, is the hardest part of the business. New patients are welcome. Jack currently lives in the city of Davis. Although it is not nearly as pungent when it is live or fresh compared to when it is dried, it nonetheless contains oils that could, in quantity, upset a goats stomach. https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/18/dining/18chenel.html. Horses are herbivores just like goat. "Our yogi's love it. You might convince a goat to eat meat, but at best it wont be able to process it effectively, and it will get sick. Honeysuckle can give goats a good boost of nutrition in the form of vitamins and minerals.