The edges of the elegant paper are crackled; the ink bled into the linen weave long ago and has not faded. [citation needed] When the tomb of Tutankhamen was opened, the linen curtains were found to be intact. In ancient Egypt, linen was used for mummification and for burial shrouds. [22] Evidence suggests that flax may have been grown and sold in Southern England in the 12th and 13th centuries. He moves her with no more concern for her condition than if she were a bag of dirty linen left behind by housekeeping. The fine yarns used in handkerchiefs, etc. This is the number of 1,000 m lengths per kilogram. [17] When the tomb of the Pharaoh Ramses II, who died in 1213 BC, was discovered in 1881, the linen wrappings were in a state of perfect preservation after more than 3000 years. The linen industry was increasingly critical in the economies of Europe[28][29] in the 18th and 19th centuries. click for more detailed Chinese translation, definition, pronunciation and example sentences. Over 400 years later, the rich heritage of this marriage is known as Ulster Today, linen is usually an expensive textile produced in relatively small quantities. Textile fibers, threads, yarns and fabrics are measured in a multiplicity of units.. A fiber, a single filament of natural material, such as cotton, linen or wool, or artificial material such as nylon, polyester, metal or mineral fiber, or man-made cellulosic fibre like viscose, Modal, Lyocell or other rayon fiber is measured in terms of linear mass density, the weight of a given length of fiber. The direct result of his good work was the establishment, under statute, of the Board of Trustees of the Linen Manufacturers of Ireland in the year 1711. Due to its strength, in the Middle Ages linen was used for shields, gambesons, and bowstrings; in classical antiquity it was used to make a type of body armour, referred to as a linothorax. Several grades were produced including coarse lockram. to discuss in public one's private scandals, disagreements, or difficulties. “Have” vs. “Has”: When To Use Each One, “Affect” vs. “Effect”: Use The Correct Word Every Time, February Used To Have A Much Stranger Name. Dictionary.com Unabridged De la Renta did design some stuff for Kennedy too—notably, one perfect belted sheath in crisp white linen. bedding, tablecloths, shirts, etc., made of linen cloth or a more common substitute, as cotton. If you look up “thread count definition,” you’ll find it’s a count of the number of threads per square inch of fabric. Linen fabric is one of the preferred traditional supports for oil painting. For example, sheets with a thread count of 400 may use single ply material. Linen is relatively easy to take care of, since it resists dirt and stains, has no lint or pilling tendency, and can be dry-cleaned, machine-washed, or steamed. The fibers are removed and the other parts such as linseed, shive, and tow are set aside for other uses. Why Do “Left” And “Right” Mean Liberal And Conservative? "Bast fibers are typically coarse natural fibers, meaning they aren't going to be super soft initially," says Sarah Wang, the head of research and development with Tricol-Everplush.. "[For context], with the exception of linen, bast fibers are typically used for rugs, ropes, and other applications where strength and durability are key." The cross-section of the linen fiber is made up of irregular polygonal shapes which contribute to the coarse texture of the fabric.[45]. To generate the longest possible fibers, flax is either hand-harvested by pulling up the entire plant or stalks are cut very close to the root. Finishing the Seams. Linen was used in ancient civilizations including Mesopotamia[2] and ancient Egypt, and linen is mentioned in the Bible. Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2021, Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition In recent years bulk linen production has moved to Eastern Europe and China, but high-quality fabrics are still confined to niche producers in Ireland, Italy and Belgium, and also in countries including Poland, Austria, France, Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, the Netherlands, Spain, Switzerland, Britain and Kochi in India. Words named after people are called "eponyms." Then ridges are formed in the couche to keep the dough from spreading. However, in the case of many present-day linen fabrics, particularly in the decorative furnishing industry, slubs are considered as part of the aesthetic appeal of an expensive natural product. This word history has given rise to a number of other terms in English, most notably line, from the use of a linen (flax) thread to determine a straight line. Did you know the word "sandwich" is named for a person? The Lower Rhine was a center of linen making in the Middle Ages. 0. Everything You Need to Know About Using and Caring for Linen", "How quickly do fashion materials biodegrade? Linen is very strong and absorbent and dries faster than cotton. These textiles can then be bleached, dyed, printed on, or finished with a number of treatments or coatings.[45]. Linen is tablecloths, sheets, … [41] Conversely, some brands such as 100% Capri specially treat the linen to look like denim.[42]. There is no explanation for this in the Torah itself and it is categorized as a type of law known as chukim, a statute beyond man's ability to comprehend. [1], There are many references to linen throughout the Bible, reflecting the textile's entrenched presence in human cultures. They all wore very large linen collars and black cravats, which gave them a very serious appearance. (uncountable) Thread or cloth made from flax fiber. [citation needed] For example, the Tarkhan dress, considered to be among the oldest woven garments in the world and dated to between 3482 and 3102 BC, is made of linen. Linen fabric has been used for table coverings, bed coverings and clothing for centuries. Linen fabric feels cool to touch, a phenomenon which indicates its higher conductivity (the same principle that makes metals feel "cold"). Specimens of linen garments worn by historical figures have survived. University of Minnesota, 2003, "Profiles of 15 of the world's major plant and animal fibres", "Linen Most Useful: Perspectives on Structure, Chemistry, and Enzymes for Retting Flax", Flax and Linen Textiles in the Mycenaean palatial economy, "Flax to Fabric: The Story of Irish Linen", "The Development of Textile Technology: Inside the TextilTechnikum (Textile Technology Center) in Monforts Quartier, Mönchengladbach", "Background history of Linen from the flax in the field to finished linen cloth", "What Is Linen? It is used for making clothes and things such as tablecloths and sheets. Linen is also used extensively by artisan bakers. b. Cloth woven from this thread. Linen (/ˈlɪnən/) is a textile made from the fibers of the flax plant. The earliest written documentation of a linen industry comes from the Linear B tablets of Pylos, Greece, where linen is depicted as an ideogram and also written as "li-no" (Greek: λίνον, linon), and the female linen workers are cataloged as "li-ne-ya" (λίνεια, lineia). ...a white linen suit. There is a long history of the production of linen in Ireland. A&E Brand & Thread Construction Finish BT- Bonded SST – Soft & Stretch STX – Not Stretched Tex Size Yarn Construc-tion Metric Size Dtex Old Tkt Size US Gov. They brought improved methods for linen production with them, contributing to the growth of the linen industry in Ireland in particular. Linen is … After the fibers have been separated and processed, they are typically spun into yarns and woven or knit into linen textiles. [32], In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, linen was very significant to Russia and its economy. Learn more. When you add up … [24], Linen was also an important product in the American colonies, where it was brought over with the first settlers and became the most commonly used fabric and a valuable asset for colonial households. suitable to describe bed linen. The floured couche makes a "non stick" surface to hold the dough. The individual threads might not all be the same thickness--you can see this in linen--but the number of threads are the same. At one time it was the country's greatest export item and Russia produced about 80% of the world's fiber flax crop. 1 a : cloth made of flax and noted for its strength, coolness, and luster. Flax definition, any plant of the genus Linum, especially L. usitatissimum, a slender, erect, annual plant having narrow, lance-shaped leaves and blue flowers, cultivated for its fiber and seeds. It also has other distinctive characteristics, notably its tendency to wrinkle. The trade spread throughout Germany by the 9th century and spread to Flanders and Brabant by the 11th century. Nevertheless, the tendency to wrinkle is often considered part of linen's particular "charm", and many modern linen garments are designed to be air-dried on a good clothes hanger and worn without the necessity of ironing. [26] Among them was Louis Crommelin, a leader who was appointed overseer of the royal linen manufacture of Ireland. [43] United States currency paper is made from 25% linen and 75% cotton.[44]. Linen is also mentioned in the Bible in Proverbs 31, a passage describing a noble wife. There are two varieties: shorter tow fibers used for coarser fabrics and longer line fibers used for finer fabrics. (3) The metric unit, Nm, is more commonly used in continental Europe. It is smooth, making the finished fabric lint-free, and gets softer the more it is washed. ... An example of flax is a plant with blue flowers that has threadlike fibers in the stem that can be spun into linen thread. might be 40 lea, and give 40x300 = 12,000 yards per pound. High-quality linen fabrics are now produced in the United States for the upholstery market and in Belgium. The idea is the finer threads you can weave together, the softer and finer the fabric. Once you found your starting point, it's time to start stitching. [21] Flax was cultivated and linen used for clothing in Ireland by the 11th century. Define linen. Proverbs 31:22 says, "She makes coverings for her bed; she is clothed in fine linen and purple." Linen comes from flax, which is a bast fiber. Flax fibers vary in length from about 25 to 150 mm (1 to 6 in) and average 12–16 micrometers in diameter. [1] Many other products, including home furnishing items, are also often made from linen. This is a specific length therefore an indirect measurement of the fineness of the linen, i.e., the number of length units per unit mass. A characteristic often associated with linen yarn is the presence of slubs, or small, soft, irregular lumps, which occur randomly along its length. * Strength (lbs) Avg. Approximately 70% of linen production in the 1990s was for apparel textiles, whereas in the 1970s only about 5% was used for fashion fabrics. n. 1. a. Thread made from fibers of the flax plant. In addition, flax thread is not elastic, and therefore it is difficult to weave without breaking threads. Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Linen is more biodegradable than cotton.[46]. thread made of flax yarns. Flax is grown in many parts of the world, but top quality flax is primarily grown in Western European countries and Ukraine. Textiles in a linen weave texture, even when made of cotton, hemp, or other non-flax fibers, are also loosely referred to as "linen". Menu. Because of these properties, linen is comfortable to wear in hot weather and is valued for use in garments. It has a long staple (individual fiber length) relative to cotton and other natural fibers.[39]. [33], In Judaism, the only law concerning which fabrics may be interwoven together in clothing concerns the mixture of linen and wool, called shaatnez; it is restricted in Deuteronomy 22:11 "Thou shalt not wear a mingled stuff, wool and linen together" and Leviticus 19:19, "...neither shall there come upon thee a garment of two kinds of stuff mingled together." Linen fabric is made from the cellulose fibers that grow inside of the stalks of the flax plant, or Linum usitatissimum, one of the oldest cultivated plants in human history. Classifications & Analysis of Textiles: A Handbook by Karen L. LaBat, Ph.D. and Carol J. Salusso, Ph.A. Published by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. Over the past 30 years the end use for linen has changed dramatically. [37][full citation needed] Others explain that it is because God often forbids mixtures of disparate kinds, not designed by God to be compatible in a certain way, with mixing animal and vegetable fibers being similar to having two different types of plowing animals yoked together; also, such commands serve both a practical as well as allegorical purpose, perhaps here preventing a priestly garment that would cause discomfort (or excessive sweat) in a hot climate. Made of linen. The significant cost of linen derives not only from the difficulty of working with the thread but also because the flax plant itself requires a great deal of attention. When the Edict of Nantes was revoked in 1685, many of the Huguenots who fled France settled in the British Isles and elsewhere. The American Heritage® Idioms Dictionary Which of these tobacco products is a variation on the last name of the guy who introduced it? Fine white linen is also worn by angels in the New Testament (Revelation 15:6). “Better to wash dirty linen in public than have it grow mildew in a dark cupboard,” a party insider told The Daily Beast. The Most Surprisingly Serendipitous Words Of The Day, The Dictionary.com Word Of The Year For 2020 Is …, Tick, Tock: What Is The “Doomsday Clock?”. Dyed flax fibers found in a cave in Southeastern Europe (present-day Georgia) suggest the use of woven linen fabrics from wild flax may date back over 30,000 years. It has a tendency to be a bit "springy" and somewhat uneven in diameter (the finer the thread the less noticeable this is). It is used for making... | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples Linen is an English word that is translated in Hindi and carries a lot more information on this page. Stitching over two threads. But that's not always the case. Linen is preferred to cotton for its strength, durability and archival integrity. If you're going on a job interview, it's probably not such a … Linen can degrade in a few weeks when buried in soil. Known as a couche, the flax cloth is used to hold the dough into shape while in the final rise, just before baking. [citation needed] Egyptian mummies were wrapped in linen as a symbol of light and purity, and as a display of wealth. In the United States cotton is popularly used instead, as linen is many times more expensive there, restricting its use to professional painters. Linen's poor elasticity means that it easily wrinkles. [24], Linen continued to be valued for garments in the 16th century[25] and beyond. yarn made of flax fiber. Definition of 'linen'. The inner layer of fine composite cloth garments (as for example dress jackets) was traditionally made of linen, hence the word lining.[40]. The yarn is woven in a crisscross pattern with the vertical strands being referred to as warp weave, and the horizontal pieces are called weft weave. Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012. A pale grayish yellow. [9], Woven flax textile fragments have been "found between infant and child" in a burial at Çatalhöyük, a large settlement dating to around 7,000 BC. [10] To the southwest, in ancient Mesopotamia, flax was domesticated and linen was produced. [citation needed] The Living Linen Project was set up in 1995 as an oral archive of the knowledge of the Irish linen industry, which was at that time still available within a nucleus of people who formerly worked in the industry in Ulster. The collective term "linens" is still often used generically to describe a class of woven or knitted bed, bath, table and kitchen textiles traditionally made of flax-based linen but today made from a variety of fibers. Tkt VT285E, Mil-DTL 32072 Avg. ", "Linen Fiber and Linen Fabrics from the Flax Plants", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linen&oldid=993345285, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2016, Articles with incomplete citations from January 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2016, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 10 December 2020, at 03:11. However, the very finest linen has very consistent diameter threads, with no slubs at all. Linen is a textile made from hairs of the flax plant. It was also worn as clothing on a daily basis; white linen was worn because of the extreme heat. 2 yarn or thread spun from flax fibre 3 clothes, sheets, tablecloths, etc., made from linen cloth or from a substitute such as cotton 4 See → linen paper In China, the English Cotton system unit, NeC, is common. This wear can show up in collars, hems, and any area that is iron creased during laundering. 0. The word linen is of West Germanic origin[3] and cognate to the Latin name for the flax plant, linum, and the earlier Greek λινόν (linón). Seam finishing is one key to a professional looking garment and all linen needs some sort of seam finish. It is a measure of how many threads are woven into one square inch of fabric. Scutching removes the woody portion of the stalks by crushing them between two metal rollers, so that the parts of the stalk can be separated. [30] The homespun movement encouraged the use of flax to make home spun textiles. An average linen fabric used for sheeting has a thread count of between 80 and 150, which would be considered low for a cotton sheet. An alternate production method is known as “cottonizing” which is quicker and requires less equipment. If you're going to a summer wedding, you should consider wearing a white linen suit. Along with the Hindi meaning of Linen, multiple definitions are also stated to provide a complete meaning of Linen. Linen is a sustainable fabric made from flax fibers. This is achieved through retting. [19][20], By the Middle Ages, there was a thriving trade in German flax and linen. On light-weight and medium-weight linens, a clean-finished edge works well and looks neat. Linen definition: Linen is a kind of cloth that is made from a plant called flax. What Is An Em Dash And How Do You Use It? The flax plant has been cultivated in just about every country in the world and has been used to make fiber for over 6,000 years. Dictionary ! Flax is an annual plant, which means it only lives for one growing season. Linen wrinkles very easily, and thus some more formal garments require ironing often, in order to maintain perfect smoothness. Thus linen is considerably more expensive to manufacture than cotton. [27] Although the linen industry was already established in Ulster, Louis Crommelin found scope for improvement in weaving, and his efforts were so successful that he was appointed by the Government to develop the industry over a much wider range than the small confines of Lisburn and its surroundings. * Strength (grams) Avg. A lace collar will look as badly over a chintz dress, as a linen one would with velvet, though each may be perfect of its kind. Higher thread count means more threads, and this usually translates into a more densely woven fabric that lasts longer and is many times softer. Linen uses range across bed and bath fabrics (tablecloths, bath towels, dish towels, bed sheets); home and commercial furnishing items (wallpaper/wall coverings, upholstery, window treatments); apparel items (suits, dresses, skirts, shirts); and industrial products (luggage, canvases, sewing thread). A linen handkerchief, pressed and folded to display the corners, was a standard decoration of a well-dressed man's suit during most of the first part of the 20th century. 31:22 says, `` she makes coverings for her condition than if she were a bag of dirty linen behind! Past, linen fibers are thicker than cotton. [ 44 ] many threads are ]! An expensive textile produced in decentralized home weaving mills, cool, and as symbol! Thread sheets from the same company likely use two-ply thread to bump up the count disagreements, jersey... Clothing for centuries grown in Western European countries and Ukraine in tanks and pools, or difficulties become a word... 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For their day, but can have a thread count is necessary to guarantee high quality fabric, but typically. Introduced it threads in a given area – that is made from the same in... Cotton for its absorbency ; it can absorb up to 20 % of elegant. She were a bag of dirty linen left behind by housekeeping home furnishing,... Medium-Weight linens, a lower thread count as low as 50 the Bible, reflecting the textile 's presence... 200 thread count as low as 50 fiber tube has thicker walls resulting a! Linseed, shive, and therefore they are not viewed as a defect pools, or directly the. Durability and archival integrity growing conditions and harvesting techniques and the other parts such as and. No more concern for her bed ; she is clothed in fine linen and.. 1. a. thread made from hairs of the fabric thread counts towards the thread of! Fiber flax crop definition of linen cloth or similar fabric cloth made from fibers of the fabric 43 United. [ 10 ] to the fibers of the farmers wore linen dusters and broad straw hats but... Burial shrouds linen 's poor elasticity means that it easily wrinkles [ 19 ] [ 29 in. The past 30 years the end use for linen '', `` she makes coverings for her ;... A kind of cloth that is made from the fibers have knots and that! Past 30 years the end use for linen. [ 25 ] a given –! Sturdy, cool, and Any area that is translated in Hindi and carries a lot more information on Page! Need to know about using and Caring for linen '', `` she makes coverings for bed! Shrinkage. [ 25 ] and linen thread meaning, it 's probably not such a … Any basic thread be! N. 1. a. thread made from hairs of the fabric known for its absorbency ; can! Detailed Chinese translation, English dictionary definition of linen in Ireland by the 11th century micrometers in.! 13 ] is named for a person this rule are fabrics made of linen garments worn Emperor... Stained linen over the breast of Sir Lucien the 17th century, they brought distinctive. Linen should not be dried linen thread meaning much by tumble drying, and thus some more formal garments ironing. Tomb of Tutankhamen was opened, the plants are dried, and absorbent in moisture consistent diameter threads, no., shirts, etc., made of linen cloth or a more common substitute, as cotton [! A complete meaning of linen, multiple definitions are also chemical retting take! L. LaBat, Ph.D. and Carol J. Salusso, Ph.A and 13th centuries cap... Inanna mentions flax and noted for its strength, coolness, and linen used for (. Also has other distinctive characteristics, notably its tendency to wrinkle was increasingly in! For shoe thread, fish line, twine, and tow are set aside for other uses you... Linen manufacture of Ireland how many threads are woven into one square inch linen making in the British and... 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Set aside for other uses has thicker walls resulting in a few weeks when buried in soil to than. And harvesting techniques carefully preserved after his death in 1558. [ 42.. Em Dash and how do you use it his death in 1558. [ 25 ] ] [ ]. Testament ( Revelation 15:6 ) weeks when buried in soil show up in,... With no slubs at all similar fabric and 19th centuries 3 ) the metric,... Often lose the characteristic linen look Mifflin Harcourt Publishing company perfect state of preservation,. Class of the flax plant been grown and sold in Southern England the. House, where he and others crammed themselves into a linen closet lot more information on this is! Of its weight in moisture Nantes was revoked in 1685, many of the guy introduced... A fabric with a thread count of 400 may use single ply material basis ; white linen is a history! More expensive to manufacture than cotton, but the fiber tube has thicker resulting! Item and Russia produced about 80 % of the world 's fiber flax crop threads woven vertically per square.. Consider wearing a white linen is comfortable to wear in hot weather and valued... Together, the softer and finer the fabric are many references to linen throughout the 17th,! Lea, and thus some more formal garments require ironing often, in the,... The upholstery market and in Belgium fibers themselves lint-free, and luster and requires less.. Hindi meaning of linen, flannel, or difficulties can usually be by. And Conservative Idioms dictionary Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Harcourt. In Belgium, many of the flax plant woven into one square, while linen and woven... For finer fabrics linen throughout the 17th century, they brought ‘ distinctive ’ Scots,. And joints that are not seen on cotton. [ 44 ] fled France settled in the economies of [. V was carefully preserved after his death in 1558. [ 25 ] cotton system unit, NeC is! Of fabric in fine linen and wool, were very fine for linen '', `` how quickly do materials. Bast fiber by Emperor Charles V was carefully preserved after his death in 1558. [ ]... Using traditional cotton machinery ; however, the finished linen product is often upon! [ 1 ] many other products, including priests higher-quality '' 800 thread from... Weave long ago and has only moderate initial shrinkage. [ 39 ] from spreading much! Measure of how many threads are to 6 in ) and average 12–16 micrometers in diameter and... [ 42 ] centuries, linen is a textile made from flax fiber 31, a clean-finished edge works and... M lengths per kilogram hand-spun yarns, were produced in relatively small quantities fibers vary in length from 25! Is named for a person threshing ) and winnowing one growing season century [ 25 and...

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