doi:10.1086/317383. 3. the North or Maori face overlooks the harbour and the cliff-like walls symbolise the sea, hills and sky. Photograph: Robert Wyatt/Alamy Stock Photo. 1, 33–47. Using rat-gnawed seeds to independently date the arrival of Pacific rats and humans in New Zealand. An analysis of the stable isotope signatures of carbon and nitrogen in bone collagen and strontium in tooth enamel in the Group 1 individuals indicated that some may have spent some of their early years in Hawaiiki before travelling to New Zealand. If we are to understand anything of the causes and social processes of migration in the New Zealand case, archaeologists need to reconsider the role of oral history and tradition. Auckland: New Zealand Archaeological Association. The New Zealand Company. The number of people who identify under Pacific peoples ethnicity increased 11.3 percent from the 2006 Census. Mass migration … Abstract This paper reintroduces the concept of mass migration into debates concerning the timing and nature of New Zealand’s settlement by Polynesians. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, Subsequent immigration has been chiefly from the British Isles, but also from continental Europe, the Pacific, America and Asia. The pattern for the 19th century European colonisation of New Zealand involved the establishment of beachhead settlements in key locations; these were relatively self-sufficient and based around the exploitation of specific resources. These have indicated a surprising level of mtDNA variation, with at least three of the four individuals sequenced, providing evidence that they were not directly maternally related (Knapp et al. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. In M. Julien, M. Orliac, & C. Orliac (Eds. The great New Zealand myth. Smith, S. P., Whatahoro, H. T., Matorohanga, T., & Pohuhu, N. (1913). Radiocarbon, The results were interpreted as indicating commencement of occupation in the late 13th century AD. Outside of the Group 1 burial cluster, several other individuals interred on the site have strontium stable isotope signatures indicating that they spent much of their life outside the local region (Kinaston et al. Map of Polynesia showing the East Polynesian area including Aotearoa (New Zealand). Factors Influencing 14C Ages of the Pacific Rat Rattus Exulans - Volume 40 Issue 2 - Nancy Ragano Beavan, Rodger J. Sparks In fact, strong charismatic leaders would have been a prerequisite for mass migration, since building and outfitting even a single ocean-going canoe would have been a colossal economic enterprise involving the mobilisation of dozens of individuals if not communities. Extensive kūmara gardens supported relatively large settlements. 191, pp. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. The latter included many tropical Polynesian forms rendered in new materials such as moa bone and stone to replace pearlshell (Pinctada margaritifera), which will not grow outside of the tropics. Wairau Bar lies within a narrow and crucial economic zone where there was a high standing biomass of moa and where tropical horticulture is still viable (Fig. Radiocarbon calibration curve variations and their implications for the interpretation of New Zealand prehistory. ), The origins of the first New Zealanders (pp. (1991). Upwar We show that the rapid appearance of a strong archaeological signature in the early 14th century AD is the result of a mass migration event, not the consequence of gradual demographic growth out of a currently unidentified earlier phase of settlement. The Austronesian colonisation of the Pacific commenced around 3500 BP and culminated, nearly three millennia later, in a 3000 km journey south of tropical East Polynesia into the temperate and sub-Antarctic waters of New Zealand. Honolulu: Bishop Museum. Map of New Zealand | PlanetWare. In Kiel Graduate School & Human Development in Landscapes (Eds. Golson, J. The main point of difference with the European colonisation, then, is that the Polynesian colony was a nationwide colony from the outset, while the European colony grew to that level through the integration of small, irregularly connected centres. It is plausible that the site was occupied by at least some individuals who travelled on the first canoes out from Hawaiiki, and the esteem in which these individuals were held is witnessed by the fact that they were buried with highly elaborate mortuary arrangements that seem to have been part of an early East Polynesian mortuary tradition also evidenced, for example, at the Maupiti site in the Society Islands (Emory and Sinoto 1964). To New Zealand and the Chatham Islands. More recently he has suggested a phase of migration—although not a planned mass migration—over a period of a century commencing in the late 1200s (Anderson 2014, p. 67). 2011, p. 48). ... New Zealand, Polynesia. Jacomb, C., Holdaway, R., Allentoft, M., Bunce, M., Oskam, C., Walter, R., et al. Prodigious birds: Moas and moa-hunting in prehistoric New Zealand. 84, 497–513. It is thought the Polynesians were great navigators, and the process of colonisation was separate from that of exploration and discovery. According to many tribal narratives, Kupe was the first Pacific explorer to discover the islands of New Zealand. 2013, p. 8). ... Walter, R. (2004). 1998) and linguistic (Clark 1979) evidence suggests a region encompassing at least the southern Cook, Austral and eastern Society Islands (Fig. These migrants were the ancestors of New Zealand’s Māori people. These tools are also found in 14th century sites across much of the county (Prickett 1989; Turner 2000; Walls 1974; Walter et al. New Zealand Society of Soil Science. An analysis of the exchange of lithics in settlement period New Zealand (fourteenth century AD) is used to throw light on the mechanisms of colonisation more generally. In favourable conditions, Māori lived reasonably well. (2006). Grey, G. (1855). I direct a long-term study of the Polynesian settlement of Aotearoa which has been funded by three Marsden grants over the last 10 years. 55, 1889–1903. Unfortunately, this period represents a particularly wiggly portion of the radiocarbon calibration curve, creating regions of ambiguity (Hogg et al. 1913; Sorrenson 1979, p. 45). New Zealand archaeology and its Polynesian connections. Final expansion through the Polynesian Triangle. Archaeology and migration: Approaches to an archaeological proof of migration. In contemporary Polynesian migration, strategies for maintaining contact between communities of common origin and association are crucial for social reproduction and identity (Green and Green 2007, p. 251). Richard Walter. We show that Sinoto, Y. H. (1970). Resources and coastal communication networks own hapū ( sub-tribes ) early 20th century traditionalist scholars such S.. 19Th century exercises in scientific method the AMS dating of small bone samples: Lapita..., ancestral Polynesia: an essay in historical Anthropology phase of settlement that sense our definition from! 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( along with two males from outside that Group ) sketch of history.
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